The ls() function in R is used to return a vector of character strings containing all the variables and functions that are defined in the current working directory in R programming.
Variables whose names begin with a dot are, by default, not returned. To change this behavior, we set all.names to TRUE.
ls(name, pos = -1L, envir = as.environment(pos),all.names = FALSE, pattern, sorted = TRUE)
The ls() function takes the following optional parameter values.
name: This is the environment used in listing the available objects. pos: This is an alternative argument to the parameter name for specifying the environment as a position in the search list.envir: This is another alternative argument to name for specifying the environment. all.names: This takes a logical value (TRUE or FALSE) indicating whether all the object names are returned (if TRUE) or the object names beginning with a . are omitted (if FALSE.)pattern: Only names that match the pattern are returned.sorted: This takes a logical value (TRUE or FALSE) indicating if the output character should be sorted alphabetically or not.# creating R variables and functionsa <- 36b <- sqrt(a)c <- a*b.hide <- "ls will not show this if all.names= FALSE"# implementing the ls() function by defaultls()# implementing the ls() function to omit variables begining with dot(.)ls(all.names='FALSE')# implementing the ls() function to also return variables begining with (.)ls(all.names='TRUE')
a, b , c, and .hide.ls() function without passing an argument to the function.ls() function to return all the variables, except for the ones starting with a dot.ls() function to return all the variables, including the ones starting with a dot.