What is the final keyword in Java?

In Java, the final keyword can be used while declaring an entity. Using the final keyword means that the value can’t be modified in the future. This entity can be - but is not limited to - a variable, a class or a method.

%0 node_1 final node_2 variables node_1->node_2 node_1560346245217 parameters node_1->node_1560346245217 node_1560346202102 methods node_1->node_1560346202102 node_3 classes node_1->node_3

Final variables

If a variable is declared with the `final` keyword, its value cannot be changed once initialized. Note that the variable *does not necessarily* have to be initialized at the time of declaration. If it's declared but not yet initialized, it's called a **blank final variable**.

Example:

// declaring a final variable
class FinalVariable {
        final int var = 50;
        
        var = 60 //This line would give an error
}

For a final reference variable you cannot change what object it refers to. You can, however, modify the object itself.


Example:

class Reference{
    public int value = 5;
}
class frVariable {
    public static void FinalReference( String args[] ) {
      final Reference example = new Reference(); //declaration
      example.value = 6; // Modifying the object creates no disturbance
      Reference another = new Reference();
      example = another; // Attempting to change the object it refers to, creates an error
     
         }
}

Final parameters

If you ever see the `final` keyword with a parameter variable, it means that the value of this variable cannot be changed anywhere in the function.

Example:

class finalParameter {
    public static void example( final int parameter ) {
      
      parameter = 4; //attempting to reassign a value to a parameter throws an error
    }
}

Final methods

A method, declared with the final keyword, cannot​ be overridden or hidden by subclasses.


Example:

// declaring a final method
class Base{
    public final void finalMethod(){
        System.out.print("Base");
    }
}
class Derived extends Base{
    public final void finalMethod() { //Overriding the final method throws an error
        System.out.print("Derived"); 
    }
}

Final classes

A class​ declared as a `final` class, cannot be subclassed

Example:

// declaring a final class
final class FinalClass {
  //...
}
class Subclass extends FinalClass{ //attempting to subclass a final class throws an error
  //...
}
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