What is Human-Computer Interaction?

Human-Computer Interaction

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a field that concerns how humans and computers interact to perform a certain goal. The purpose of HCI is to design interactive systems for successful human use.

HCI does not concern only technological factors. It is also intertwined with the discipline of cognitive psychologyA branch of psychology which studies mental processes of humans., owing to the human aspects involved. Therefore, it is a multidisciplinary field, combining the research of multiple domains such as computer science, cognitive psychology, design, and ergonomicsThe study of human factors involved in the interaction, focusing on physical and environmental aspects., among others.

The multidisciplinary nature of HCI represented as a Venn diagram

As the name suggests, HCI involves three elements:

  • The human

  • The computer

  • The interaction

In HCI, all these three terms combine to guide UI/UXUser interface/User experience design. Let's study these elements one by one.

The elements involved in HCI

The human

The human in HCI refers to the user who is using the computer to get some task done. This is where cognitive psychology comes in, as the internal mental processes of humans play a part in their interaction with technology.

Cognitive psychology states that humans perceive and solve problems similar to computers. They use some input channels to take in information, store it in short-term or long-term memory, and process it using reasoning and problem-solving skills. Therefore, all these factors of human cognition should be considered when designing computer systems. These human factors are also known as ergonomics.

The computer

The computer in HCI refers to any technological system with which the human interacts. When advanced technology such as IoTInternet of things is used, the productivity of the interaction is improved. This communication between the human and computer is allowed by a user interface.

The user interface is a part of the computer system. It is the point of interaction between the human and the computer. This is where interface design comes in, and UI/UX designing plays an essential role in determining the success of HCI.

The interaction

The interaction in HCI refers to the communication between the user and computer to accomplish a task. The purpose of HCI is to ensure that this interaction is efficient and intuitive, calling for low effort from the user’s side.

Interaction design focuses on designing interfaces in a user-centered way. It states that the designer must consider the user’s needs and contextual environment while creating an interface for successful interaction.

Note: Human-Computer Interaction is not successful if any one of the terms is ignored. Therefore, the designer should pay attention to all of them.

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