Before classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) was introduced, the IP addresses were structured based on classful addressing. However, classful addressing caused a lot of wastage of the hosts due to its rigid architecture.
To resolve this issue, the IP addresses required flexibility over the number of host IDs assigned to the network. Therefore, CIDR was introduced. It is also referred to as classless addressing.
CIDR is a 32-bit long address in which a number is appended, representing the number of bits that signify the network ID.
For example, 20.10.60.115/8 means that 8 bits of the address are for the network while the remaining 24 are for host addresses, as shown in the illustration below:
Here are the properties of CIDR that need to be fulfilled for a valid address:
The IP addresses in a block are continuous.
The first address of a block should be divisible by the number of addresses of a block.
The size of the block should be in the power of 2.
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