**Unordered sets** can be defined for any inbuilt or user-defined data structure.

These sets are implemented using [hash tables](https://www.educative.io/answers/what-is-a-hash-table), where each entry is randomly added to the table to achieve a time complexity of $O(1)$.


# Methods
## 1. Using predefined Data Structures
The following code shows how unordered sets can be defined for strings.

A similar method can be used for any predefined data structure.

* **`data_type`** is the predefined data type e.g., string
* **`set_name`** is the name of the set

//declaring a set
unordered_set <data_type> set_name; 

The complete code for declaring and inserting values in an unordered set is given below.

#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  unordered_set <string> fruits; // declare string
  
  cout<< fruits.empty() << endl; //check if set is empty

  fruits.insert("Apple"); //add elements to set
  fruits.insert("Banana");
  fruits.insert("Cantaloupe");

  for (auto i: fruits) // print all the elemnts in set
    cout<< i <<endl;
  
  return 0;
}

## 2. Using user-defined Data Structures

Unordered sets can be implemented on user-defined data structures as well.

The following code shows how to declare an unordered set using user-defined data structures. 

One key thing to remember is that the comparison function needs to be defined to let the compiler know how the keys will be compared. Without the function, the compiler will generate an error.

Hash functions also need to be defined for the given data type.

Unordered sets can be created in the following way:

* **`data_type`** is the user-defined data structure
* **`data_hash_function`** is the hash function that will be used
* **`set_name`** is the name of the set

// This method declares an unordered set using the user-defined data type and user-defined hash function
unordered_set (data_type, data_hash_function) set_name; 

The complete code for defining and inserting elements is given below. 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

class fruits{ //declare a class
  public:
  string name;
  string color;
  //This is the comparison operator.
  bool operator==(const fruits &f) const 
  {
    return (this->name == f.name);
  }
};
//create a class to produce the hash that we will use
class fruits_hash{
  public:
  size_t operator() (const fruits & f) const
  {
    return f.name.length();
  }
};
int main() {
  //declare objects of class fruits
  fruits f1 {"Apple", "red"};
  fruits f2 {"Banana", "yellow"};
  //declare unordered set 
  unordered_set <fruits, fruits_hash> my_fruits;
  //insert objects to set
  my_fruits.insert(f1);
  my_fruits.insert(f2);
  //print set
  for (auto i: my_fruits)
    cout<< "Name: " << i.name << ", Color: " << i.color <<endl;

  return 0;
}

Unordered sets in C++

Unordered sets use hash tables for O(1) complexity and can handle both predefined and user-defined data structures.