Types of augmented reality

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that overlays virtual objects in a real-world environment. AR has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing the way we interact with the world around us. Various AR tools have been developed to create AR applications. 

There are different types of AR depending on the types of their uses. They are as follows:

• Marker-based

• Markerless

  • Location-based

  • Projection-based

  • Contour-based

Marker-based AR

Marker-based AR is a type of augmented reality that relies on recognizing and tracking distinguished markers or patterns in the real world to superimpose virtual objects on it. These markers could be images, QR codes, symbols, or anything else that can be easily recognized by the AR system.

The marker is needed so the AR application can use it as a reference point and position the virtual content as accurately as possible. On detecting the marker through the camera, the AR system superimposes the graphically created content onto the marker.

Example

A QR code can be used as a marker. When the camera is positioned on the QR, the graphic appears on it.

Markerless AR

As the name suggests, markerless AR involves no markers like images or QR codes. Instead, it positions the digital objects by examining the data obtained through the sensors. Markerless AR is divided into the following four types:

Location-based AR

This type of markerless AR uses the real-time location and sensors of a smart device to place the virtual object in a physical space.

Example

A well-known example of location-based AR is Pokemon Go. It is a smartphone game in which the AR links the virtual image of a Pokemon to a specific location by analyzing the user's data from the camera, GPS, and accelerometer.

Projection-based AR

Projection-based AR involves projecting digital content onto physical surfaces or objects in the real world. This creates an augmented experience for the user without using a headset or any other device. It uses projectors to display virtual images, animations, prototypes, or information directly in the physical space. Some project-based AR also includes sensors, allowing users to interact with the projection.

Example

Some entertainment venues use projection-based AR on floors. They place the projector on the ceiling, casting visuals on the floor, and when a person steps on it, their movements are tracked through sensors and responds accordingly.

Contour-based AR

It detects and tracks the contours or outlines of real-world objects and overlays digital content onto them. It uses a computer vision algorithm to recognize and analyze the boundaries of physical objects, which enables proper alignment and integration of the virtual content.

Example

It can be used for car navigation systems in low visibility areas by outlining the footpaths or greenbelts, enabling safe driving.