#                      
## Problem statement

We need to read the elements of a matrix using the standard input (`scanf`) and transpose the matrix to get the result. In the solution code we'll read the input of rows and columns of the matrix from the standard input. The result should be stored in the new matrix `transpose`.

## Sample problem

Let's first take a 2x3 matrix and transpose it.

**Original Matrix:**
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \quad $$

**Transpose Matrix:**
The resultant matrix will look like this:

$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 4 \\ 2 & 5 \\ 3 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \quad $$




## Discussion

In the transpose matrix, the rows will be exchanged with columns and vice versa. 

## Algorithm

Generally, the transpose of the matrix is denoted by `T`. The transpose of the matrix means that we need to change its rows into columns or columns into rows. 
When reading the data, we need to use loops. We also need loops to access the transpose of the matrix. After transposing the elements, we store the data in the resultant matrix.

## Pseudocode of the algorithm


```
for(i=0 ; i<rows ; i++) {
   for(j=0 ; j<cols  ; j++) {
      trans[j][i] =a[i][j]; 
 }
}
```

## Notations

 

- The `rows` represent the size of the rows.
- The `cols` represent the size of the columns.
- The `a[rows][cols]` represents the original matrix.
- The `trans[cols][rows]`  represents the transpose of the matrix or the resultant matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


int  main()
{
  int rows,cols;
  scanf("%d %d",&rows,&cols);
  
  int a[rows][cols];
  
  int trans[cols][rows];
  for(int i=0;i<rows;i++)
  {
      for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
      {
          scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
      }
  }
  
 
  
  for(int i=0;i<rows;i++)
  {
      for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
      {
          trans[j][i]=a[i][j];
      }
  }
  
  int i,j;
  for(i=0;i<cols;i++)
  {
      for( j=0;j<rows;j++)
      {
         printf("%d ",trans[i][j]);
      }
     
     printf("\n");
  }
  
  return 0;
}

## Input format for the code

To run the code below, give the input value for `rows` and `cols` followed by element values of the matrix.

After giving all the inputs, we  get the resultant matrix which is the transpose of the input matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int  main()
{
  int rows,cols; // Declaring the variables 
  scanf("%d %d",&rows,&cols);
  if(rows <= 0 || cols <=0) {
      printf("Values for rows and coulmns must be positive and greater than zero.\n");
      exit(0);
  }
  int a[rows][cols] ; // Declaring the matrix
  int trans[cols][rows] ;// Declaring the transpose matrix
  // Reading of the original matrix
  int value_count = 0 ;
  for(int i=0;i<rows;i++)
  {
      for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
      {
          scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
          value_count++;
      }
  }
 // Transposing the matrix
  for(int i=0;i<rows;i++)
  {
      for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
      {
          trans[j][i]=a[i][j];
      }
  }
  // Printing the transpose matrix
  int i,j;
  for(i=0;i<cols;i++)
  {
      for( j=0;j<rows;j++)
      {
         printf("%d ",trans[i][j]);
      }
     printf("\n");
  }
  return 0;
}

## Explanation

+ In the above code first we will be reading the size for the rows and columns.

+ After reading the size then we will be reading a matrix from the user end.

+ Then we will interchange the rows with columns or columns with rows. As soon as we interchange the rows and columns we print the matrix.



How to transpose a rectangular matrix in C

Read a matrix, transpose it by swapping rows and columns, and store the result.