**`const`** is a keyword used for variable values that will remain the same. This means that `const` tells the compiler to prevent modifying such variable values. The `const` variable is declared as:
```c++
const int val = 5;
```
An object of the class can also be constant. To demonstrate this, we will declare a constant variable `lecture` of the class type `Time`. In the following example, `9` is for hours and `15` is for the minutes variable:
```c++
const Time lecture(9,15); 
```


**Return by value** means when the function's return statement is executed, the compiler copies the value and sends it to the caller. 

However, in *return by reference*, the compiler sends the address of the variable. It implies that we can change the original value by using the return value, which is not possible to return in the value case.




#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int mval()
{ 
   return 1;
}

int main() {
  // your code goes here
  cout << mval;
  return 0;
}

# 
## Returning a `const` object by value

When the function’s return statement is executed, the compiler copies the object and sends it to the caller.
In the code example below, when the `main` function calls the `foo` function, it returns the constant object of `test` by value:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class test
{
	public:
	int id;
	
	//Default Constructor
	test()
	{
		cout << "Default Constructor called" << endl;
		id=5;
	}
};
const test foo(){
    cout<<"foo returning constant object\n";
	const test t1;
	cout << "test id is: " <<t1.id << endl;
  return  t1;
}
int main() {
	foo();
	return 0;
}


# 
## Significance of `const` object by value

`const` is most helpful when we need to share the code, but we want to avoid any accidental modifications to the value of an object.

When the function is executed, it returns the copy of the constant object. Therefore, in cases where we need to alter the object's value later, we should avoid using `const`.


 How to return const objects by value in C++

Const prevents modification. In functions, const objects ensure values remain unchanged despite being returned by value. Avoid const if object modification is needed.

How to return const objects by value in C++

The `const` object

Return by value

Returning a `const` object by value

Significance of `const` object by value

When to avoid `const`?

How to return const objects by value in C++

The const object

Return by value

Returning a const object by value

Significance of const object by value

When to avoid const?

The `const` object

Returning a `const` object by value

Significance of `const` object by value

When to avoid `const`?