How to fill colors in shapes drawn by turtle in Python

Introduction

turtle is Python’s pre-installed library that enables users to create small games, animations, etc., with easy-to-understand codes.

With minimal and easy-to-understand codes that create beautiful shapes, it is a great way for kids to start their coding journey

Get started with turtle

1. Import the module

turtle is a pre-installed library in Python; therefore, we don’t need to install it explicitly.

The turtle module and its methods can be used in a program once it is imported into your Python environment, which can be done as follows:

import turtle

2. Create a canvas

Since turtle will perform graphic actions, it requires a canvas or separate workspace area to act on our commands. The turtle canvas or screen can be initialized, as shown below:

scr = turtle.getscreen()

3. Create a turtle

We need a turtle to perform actions on the canvas. turtle object is instantiated by the creation of an object of the Turtle class defined in the turtle module.

The turtle object is created as follows:

flippy = turtle.Turtle()

4. Let’s draw

Now, the turtle named flippy is ready to receive commands to perform graphical actions on the canvas or screen.

To provide commands to the turtle, we use the turtle's pre-defined methods.

Example:

import turtle
# Asking user for the length of the Square sides.
s=int(input("Enter the side of a Square\n>>> "))
# Creating a Canvas or Screen:
scr = turtle.getscreen()
# Creating turtle object to perform actions.
flippy = turtle.Turtle()
# A loop which repeats 4 times to draw a sqaure: 
for i in range(4):
  # flippy is the name of our turtle.
  # fd() or forward() method is used to move turtle forward and draw a line while it moves.
    flippy.fd(s)
  # lt() or left() method is used to turn turtle anti-clockwise by a desired angle given as parameter.
    flippy.lt(90)

Fill colors

Methods

Description

filling()

It returns fill state of the turtle-True if filling, False otherwise.

begin_fill()

This method is called before drawing a shape which needs to filled with color.

end_fill()

This method fills the shape drawn after the last call to begin_fill()

import turtle

s=int(input("Enter the side of a Square\n>>> "))

scr = turtle.getscreen()

flippy = turtle.Turtle()



flippy.begin_fill()



print(flippy.filling())     # Prints True



for i in range(4):

    flippy.fd(s)

    flippy.lt(90)



flippy.end_fill()



print(flippy.filling())     # Prints False

Change colors

The color() method is used to change pen color and fill color as shown below.

import turtle
s=int(input("Enter the side of a Square\n>>> "))
scr = turtle.getscreen()
flippy = turtle.Turtle()
flippy.begin_fill()
flippy.color("black", "red") # black: pen color; red: fill color
print(flippy.filling())     # Prints True
for i in range(4):
    flippy.fd(s)
    flippy.lt(90)
flippy.end_fill()
print(flippy.filling())     # Prints False
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