How to detect an Euler path

Overview

We can define an Euler or Eulerian path as one that covers all the graph Edges without repetition. An Eulerian Path is one of the essential concepts in Graph Theory.

We use an Eulerian path to solve real-world problems. It helps design the path for patrolling the streets of a city or planning for delivering mail or route planning. The modern application can also be found in bioinformatics in finding the DNA Fragments Assembly.

An Eulerian path, generally known as the Eulerian Theorem, can be found in a graph if one of the following conditions is satisfied.

Condition 1

If the graph has not more than two odd-degree Odd degree vertices are those vertices that have an odd number of edges connecting them. vertices, then the graph has an Euler path. The following example can elaborate on this condition.

Example

Explanation

1. In Graph X, four odd-degree vertices (A, E, B, D) are greater than two. So it doesn't have an Eulerian path.
2. In Graph Y, only two vertices (E, D) are less than 2. So this graph has an Eulerian path. In E D C B F A B D. This covers all the edges without repetition.

Condition 2

A connected directed graph is Eulerian if and only if each of its vertices is balanced. A vertex is balanced if its indegreeThe number of incoming edges is called indegree is equal to its outdegreethe number of outgoing edges is called outdegree.. This results in the formation of the Eulerian CircuitIf starting node and ending node of the eulerian path is same then path is known as Eulerian Circuit . The following example can further elaborate on this condition.

Example

Explanation

1. In Graph X, the D vertex is not balanced as indegree isn't equal to the outdegree. So it doesn't have an Eulerian path.
2. In Graph Y, the path formed from D C D E A B F A D is an Eulerian path, and all vertices are balanced. The starting and ending node is D. So, this Eulerian path is also known as the Eulerian circuit.