The **`log()`** function in R calculates the logarithm of a number to the base. `log()` calculates the natural logarithm of a number if the base is not specified by the user. 

The following illustration shows the mathematical representation of the `log()` function.

#   
#  Syntax
```r
log(number, base)
```
#   
#  Parameters
This function requires two parameters:
- A #key# number: must be greater than 0 #key# for which the logarithm is to be calculated.
- The `base` of the #key# logarithm: a number that must be greater than one #key# is an *optional parameter*.


##  
## Return value
`log()` returns the logarithm of a number to the base sent as a parameter.
> Remember that the `log()` function calculates the natural logarithm of a number if the base is not provided, i.e., `log(y,e)`.

> If either of the parameters (i.e. base and number) is a negative number or zero, then `log()` returns `NaN` with a `warning` error or `infinity`.


##  
## Code


#log without base
a <- log(20);
print(paste0("log(20): ", a))

#log with base
b <- log(2,2);
print(paste0("log(2,2): ", b))

#error outputs
c <- log(0);
print(paste0("log(0): ", c))

d <- log(-1);
print(paste0("log(-1): ", d))

How to calculate the log() of a value in R

log() in R calculates the natural logarithm if no base is specified; it returns NaN for invalid inputs.